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Summary (Oct 07, 2003): The most powerful computing network ever assembled is about to enter a new design phase. Drawing on the vast unused idle times of more than four and half million home computers, SETI@home currently gets about 15 TeraFLOPs and has cost $500K so far, compared to a typical $100+ million required for high-end supercomputing. The next generation of the SETI backbone, called BOINC for the "Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing" , is designed to make it easier for other projects to generalize this unique science architecture.
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BOINC At Home based on Planetary Society report, Amir Alexander
BOINC - the "Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing" - is moving through its development phases, and a new version of SETI@home is being tested right along with it. BOINC is the system being developed by SETI@home project director David Anderson and his team to spread the credo of distributed computing to fields beyond SETI. BOINC will make it possible for researchers in areas as diverse as molecular biology, climatology, and astrophysics to tap into the enormous but under-utilized calculating power of personal computers world-wide.
The remarkable success of SETI@home, which quickly became the most powerful computing network ever assembled, made it clear that distributed computing could be used for many other computing-intensive scientific projects. The most powerful computer, IBM's ASCI White, is rated at 12 TeraFLOPS and costs $110 million. SETI@home currently gets about 15 TeraFLOPs and has cost $500K so far. Why BOINC? In principle, scientists do not necessarily have to wait around for BOINC to be completed in order to make use of distributed computing in their research. They could launch their own distributed computing programs, and some indeed have done so. folding@home and climateprediction.net are only two of the better known projects, dedicated to research in the fields of molecular biology and climatology respectively. Folding@home is a distributed computing project that so far has enlisted the aid of more than 200,000 PC owners, whose screensavers are dedicated to simulating the protein-folding process. Simulating protein folding is often considered a "holy grail" of computational biology, Vijay S. Pande, the folding project scientist added. "This is an area of hot competition that includes a number of heavyweights, such as IBM's $100 million, million-processor Blue Gene supercomputer project."
But launching an independent distributed computing project is a complex and labor-intensive task even for professional computer scientists. For researchers in other fields it is a daunting undertaking, which would take precious time and resources away from the main focus their of research. They will, in most cases, avoid it.
 | | Arecibo. World's largest dish, radio telescope. Puerto Rico. |
BOINC will change all that. With BOINC, the basic distributed computing infrastructure will be available to any scientific group that wishes to make use of this remarkable new technique. With relatively small changes, the basic BOINC format could be used to research anything from long term evolutionary changes to the search for gravity waves. Furthermore, BOINC will bring to these different projects an inestimable resource without which no distributed computing project can proceed - a large pool of PC users, willing to put their computers' calculating power in the service of science.
Currently BOINC is in its "Beta testing" phase, meaning that it is being tested by a limited number of users who are running the program on their computers. Within the next two months David Anderson and his team hope to expand this select group of volunteers from several hundred to around ten thousand.
For several months now, the Beta testers have been running a BOINC-based program known as "astropulse." This program searches the masses of data collected by the SETI@home receiver at Arecibo for brief but powerful electromagnetic bursts, signifying the collapse of black holes. In the past few weeks astropulse was joined on the volunteers' computers by an experimental BOINC-based version of SETI@home itself. In the long term, the current SETI@home platform will be phased out for all users and replaced by the new BOINC version. The New SETI@home What will the new SETI@home be like? In most respects it will not be very different from the current version, but it will allow for greater flexibility for both the SETI@home scientists and for the millions of users around the world who run the program on their computers.
 | Stellar Countdown locations. Skymap of Arecibo reobservations. Click image for larger view. SETI@home uses the idle time of over four million personal computers to sift through radio data for signals from extraterrestrial civilizations. The three main signal types of interest are:
Gaussians are the power curves produced when the Arecibo beam scans a steady celestial radio source. The signal is weak at first, strong when it is at the center of the beam, and then fades again. This produces a bell shaped power curve known as a gaussian.
Pulses represent any celestial radio signal of a fixed frequency that is distinguishable above the background noise.
Triplets are a sets of 3 equally spaced spikes. Whereas gaussians represent a constant signal from space, triplets may represent a series of pulses transmitted at fixed time intervals.
Credit: SETI@home
When and where was the "Eureka!" point when somebody exclaimed "Hey, we can do this sort of analysis people's home computers"?
It arose in a conversation between David Gedye and Craig Kasnoff at a Christmas party in Seattle, Dec. 1994. it may have existed before that.
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Most notably, the current SETI@home program is designed to analyze only data that fits the parameters of the equipment currenty used at Arecibo. For example, the program only looks for gaussians that last around 12 seconds, because that happens to be the time it takes the Arecibo beam to scan any given point in the sky. Similarly, it can only analyze data from a 2 bit recorder, because that happens to be the type of instrument currently used to record data at Arecibo, and so on. Any data that deviates from these strict parameters simply cannot be processed. As a result, the current SETI@home program can never be used to analyze data collected at any location other than Arecibo, or using instruments other than those currently in place.
This can be a problem. It could, for instance become a serious hurdle if and when SETI@home follows up on its plans to collect data at Australia's Parkes observatory, because the parameters and instruments on the Australian radio telescopes are very different from those at Arecibo. To analyze this data, SETI@home users would have to download a completely new version of the program, tailored specifically for the Parkes observatory. Once they did so, they could no longer process the old-style data originating at Arecibo.
Even now, when Arecibo is the sole source of SETI@home observations, the inflexibility of the program can cause problems. This became clear following the Stellar Countdown session at Arecibo last March, when in addition to SETI@home's standard 2 bit recorder, Chief Scientist Dan Werthimer's team employed a highly sensitive 8 bit recorder as well. The analysis of the 2 bit recordings was completed quickly, by sending ordinary work units to users around the world. The 8 bit recordings, however, are still unanalyzed because they cannot be processed by the standard SETI@home program, installed on users computers.
This will soon change, says David Anderson. In the new BOINC-based SETI@home parameters such as a radio telescope's beam-width or a recorder's level of sensitivity will not be "hard wired" into the program. Instead, they will be part of the information provided with every work unit. A standard work unit from Arecibo will instruct the program that the data was recorded at a 2 bit sensitivity, and that the telescope's beam-width - and therefore a gaussian's duration - is 12 seconds. A work unit originating at Parkes, or recorded at a higher resolution, will carry with it different parameters and the SETI@home program will adjust itself accordingly.
SETI@home and BOINC are gradually converging, and the benefits for both are substantial. While SETI@home enjoys the increased flexibility of the BOINC platform, it brings to BOINC something of inestimable value to a distributed computing project: millions of SETI@home users, willing to use their computers' processing power for the advancement of scientific research.
In addition to The Planetary Society, other major funders include Sun Microsystems, the University of California, Quantum Corp., Fujifilm Computer Products and Network Appliance. Related Web Pages Stanford Folding@Home
Pande Group
IBM BlueGene project
Google Compute project
Genome@Home
Terrestrial Planet Finder Home Page
What Does ET Look Like from 40 Light Years Away?
Anybody Out There? Part I
Anybody Out There? Part II
Search for Life in the Universe: Neil deGrasse Tyson Interview
Aliens Depend on Time to Grow Brains
Eddington Mission
Darwin Mission
Herschel Mission
Rare Earth? Are we so special?
Note: Computing
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